Analytics SAQL Developer Guide

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Overview
Quick Start
Examples
SAQL Reference
SAQL Basic Elements
SAQL Operators
SAQL Statements
arimax
cogroup
fill
filter
foreach
group-by
group-by rollup
join semi and anti
limit
load
offset
order
sample
timeseries
union
SAQL Functions
Query Performance
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union

Combines multiple result sets into one result set. The result sets must have the same field names and structure. You can use a different dataset to create each result set, or you can use the same dataset.

Syntax

result = union resultSetA, resultSetB [, resultSetC ...];

Example

q = union q1, q2, q3;

Example

You want to see how each rep compares to the average for deals won. You can make this comparison by appending these two result sets together:Then use union to append the two result sets.

  • Total amount of opportunities won for each rep
  • Average amount of opportunities won for all reps

First, show the total amount of won opportunities for each rep.

opt = load "DTC_Opportunity_SAMPLE";
opt = filter opt by 'Won' == "true";

-- group by owner
rep = group opt by 'Account_Owner';

-- project the sum of amount for each rep
rep = foreach rep generate 'Account_Owner' as 'Account_Owner', sum('Amount') as 'sum_Amount';

rep = order rep by 'sum_Amount' desc;

The resulting graph shows the sum of amount for each rep.

Diagram showing the sum of amounts for each rep.

Next, calculate the average of the sum of the amounts for each rep using the average function.
-- grouping rep by all returns all the data in a single row.
avg_rep = group rep by all;

-- Calculate the average of the Sum of Amount column. 
-- Use the text ‘Average Deal Size’ in the ‘Account Owner’ column
avg_rep = foreach avg_rep generate "Average deal size" as 'Account_Owner', avg('sum_Amount') as 'sum_Amount';

Because the two data streams have the same field names and structure, you can use union to combine them.

q = union rep, avg_rep;

The resulting graph contains the sum of amounts by each rep together with the average amount per rep.

Diagram showing the sum of amounts for each rep, plus the average amount.

Combine the SAQL fragments to get the complete SAQL statement.

opt = load "DTC_Opportunity_SAMPLE";
opt = filter opt by 'Won' == "true";

-- group by owner
rep = group opt by 'Account_Owner';

-- project the sum of amount for each rep
rep = foreach rep generate 'Account_Owner' as 'Account_Owner', sum('Amount') as 'sum_Amount';

rep = order rep by 'sum_Amount' desc;

-- grouping rep by all returns all the data in a single row.
avg_rep = group rep by all;


-- Calculate the average of the Sum of Amount column. 
-- Use the text ‘Average Deal Size’ in the ‘Account Owner’ column
avg_rep = foreach avg_rep generate "Average deal size" as 'Account_Owner', avg('sum_Amount') as 'sum_Amount';

q = union rep, avg_rep;

Considerations

Using a union statement and a join statement in the same query has strict enforcements. When a semi or anti join statement is present, the union statement returns an error if there are:

  • mismatched number of columns
  • mismatched data types

The errors appear as "Different number of fields found across union streams" or "Different types found for field 1: 'fieldName' in different union inputs."

There's also strict checking on the name of the columns. Using this SAQL example with a semi join statement and a union statement: 
q1 = load "Opportunity";
q2 = load "Opportunity";

q1 =join q1 by (AccountId) semi, q3 by (AccountId);

q2 = group q2 by all;
q1 = foreach q1 generate q1.'AccountId' as 'AccountId',q1.StageName as 'StageName', q1.'Description' as 'Description', q1.'Id' as 'Id',q1.'Amount' as 'Amount', q1.'Probability' as 'Probability';
q2 = foreach q2 generate null as 'AccountId', null as 'StageName',null as 'Description',null as 'Id', sum(unique('Amount')) over([..] partition by all) as 'Amount_total',sum(unique('Probability')) over([..] partition by all) as 'Probability';
q1 = limit q1 5;

qU = union q1, q2;
When the join is present, strict name checking only allows for one ‘Amount’ column name, which comes from the first stream, q1. The ‘Amount_total’ summary column name from the second stream, q2, isn’t honored and only the normal 'Amount' column name is in the union results. If the join statement is removed, both the normal ‘Amount’ and the summary ‘Amount_total’ column names are in the union results.