# `GROUPING`

**Applies to:** ✅ Data 360 SQL ✅ Tableau Hyper API

Returns a bit mask indicating which `GROUP BY` expressions are not included in the current grouping set.

## Syntax

```sql
grouping(<group_by_expression> [, ...])
```

## Arguments

### Required

- `<group_by_expression>`: One or more expressions that must exactly match expressions in the `GROUP BY` clause.

## Returns

Returns an integer bit mask. Each bit corresponds to an argument, with the rightmost argument as the least-significant bit. A bit is 0 if the expression is in the grouping set; 1 if it is not.

## Considerations

- Used with grouping sets (`ROLLUP`, `CUBE`, `GROUPING SETS`) to identify which columns were aggregated.
- Maximum of 31 expressions can be used as arguments.
- Arguments are not evaluated but must exactly match `GROUP BY` expressions.
- Helps distinguish between actual NULL values and NULLs representing aggregated rows.

## Examples

### Basic GROUPING with ROLLUP

Identify aggregation levels with ROLLUP.

```sql
SELECT make, model, grouping(make, model), sum(sales)
FROM items_sold
GROUP BY ROLLUP(make, model);
```

Returns:

| make | model | grouping | sum |
| :--- | :---- | :------- | :-- |
| Foo  | GT    | 0        | 10  |
| Foo  | Tour  | 0        | 20  |
| Bar  | City  | 0        | 15  |
| Bar  | Sport | 0        | 5   |
| Foo  | NULL  | 1        | 30  |
| Bar  | NULL  | 1        | 20  |
| NULL | NULL  | 3        | 50  |

- `0`: Both make and model are grouped.
- `1`: model is aggregated (not grouped).
- `3`: Both make and model are aggregated.

### Filter Subtotals

Use GROUPING to filter specific aggregation levels.

```sql
SELECT make, model, sum(sales)
FROM items_sold
GROUP BY ROLLUP(make, model)
HAVING grouping(make, model) = 1;
```

Returns only the subtotals by make (where model is aggregated).

## Related Documentation

- [GROUP BY Clause](/docs/data/data-cloud-query-guide/references/dc-sql-reference/select-group-by.md)
- [Aggregate Functions](/docs/data/data-cloud-query-guide/references/dc-sql-reference/aggregate.md)