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Understanding Apex Managed Sharing
Sharing is the act of granting a user or group of users permission to perform a set of actions on a record or set of records. Sharing access can be granted using the Salesforce user interface and Force.com, or programmatically using Apex.
This section provides an overview of sharing using Apex:
For more information on sharing, see “Set Your Organization-Wide Sharing Defaults” in the Salesforce online help.