Apex Developer Guide

Apex Developer Guide
Release Notes
Getting Started with Apex
Writing Apex
Data Types and Variables
Control Flow Statements
Classes, Objects, and Interfaces
Working with Data in Apex
Working with sObjects
Data Manipulation Language
How DML Works
Adding and Retrieving Data With DML
DML Statements vs. Database Class Methods
DML Operations As Atomic Transactions
DML Operations
Exception Handling
More About DML
Setting DML Options
Transaction Control
sObjects That Cannot Be Used Together in DML Operations
Mixed DML Operations in Test Methods
sObjects That Don’t Support DML Operations
Bulk DML Exception Handling
Things You Should Know about Data in Apex
Locking Records
SOQL and SOSL Queries
SOQL For Loops
sObject Collections
Dynamic Apex
Apex Security and Sharing
Custom Settings
Running Apex
Debugging, Testing, and Deploying Apex
Apex Reference
Appendices
Glossary
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Mixed DML Operations in Test Methods

Test methods allow for performing mixed Data Manipulation Language (DML) operations that include both setup sObjects and other sObjects if the code that performs the DML operations is enclosed within System.runAs method blocks. You can also perform DML in an asynchronous job that your test method calls. These techniques enable you, for example, to create a user with a role and other sObjects in the same test.

The setup sObjects are listed in sObjects That Cannot Be Used Together in DML Operations.

Because validation for mixed DML operations is skipped during deployment, there can be a difference in the number of test failures when tests are deployed versus when run in the user interface.

Note

Example: Mixed DML Operations in System.runAs Blocks

This example shows how to enclose mixed DML operations within System.runAs blocks to avoid the mixed DML error. The System.runAs block runs in the current user’s context. It creates a test user with a role and a test account, which is a mixed DML operation.

Use @future to Bypass the Mixed DML Error in a Test Method

Mixed DML operations within a single transaction aren’t allowed. You can’t perform DML on a setup sObject and another sObject in the same transaction. However, you can perform one type of DML as part of an asynchronous job and the others in other asynchronous jobs or in the original transaction. This class contains an @future method to be called by the class in the subsequent example.
This class calls the method in the previous class.