Using Constructors

A constructor is code that is invoked when an object is created from the class blueprint. You do not need to write a constructor for every class. If a class doesn't have a user-defined constructor, a default, no-argument constructor with the same visibility as the containing class is generated.

The syntax for a constructor is similar to a method, but it differs from a method definition in that it never has an explicit return type and it is not inherited by the object created from it.

After you write the constructor for a class, you must use the new keyword in order to instantiate an object from that class, using that constructor. For example, using the following class:

1public class TestObject {
2
3   // The no argument constructor 
4   public TestObject() {
5      // more code here
6  }
7}

A new object of this type can be instantiated with this code.

1TestObject myTest = new TestObject();

If you write a constructor that takes arguments, you can then use that constructor to create an object using those arguments.

If you create a constructor that takes arguments, and you still want to use a no-argument constructor, you must create your own no-argument constructor in your code. After you create a constructor for a class, you no longer have access to the default, no-argument public constructor.

In Apex, a constructor can be overloaded, that is, there can be more than one constructor for a class, each having different parameters. This example illustrates a class with two constructors: one with no arguments and one that takes a simple Integer argument. It also illustrates how one constructor calls another constructor using the this(...) syntax, also know as constructor chaining.

1public class TestObject2 {
2
3private static final Integer DEFAULT_SIZE = 10;
4
5Integer size;
6
7   //Constructor with no arguments
8   public TestObject2() {
9       this(DEFAULT_SIZE); // Using this(...) calls the one argument constructor    
10   }
11
12   // Constructor with one argument 
13   public TestObject2(Integer ObjectSize) {
14     size = ObjectSize;  
15   }
16}

New objects of this type can be instantiated with this code.

1TestObject2 myObject1 = new TestObject2(42);
2  TestObject2 myObject2 = new TestObject2();

Every constructor that you create for a class must have a different argument list. In this example, all of the constructors are possible.

1public class Leads {
2
3  // First a no-argument constructor 
4  public Leads () {}
5
6  // A constructor with one argument
7  public Leads (Boolean call) {}
8
9  // A constructor with two arguments
10  public Leads (String email, Boolean call) {}
11
12  // Though this constructor has the same arguments as the 
13  // one above, they are in a different order, so this is legal
14  public Leads (Boolean call, String email) {}
15}

When you define a new class, you are defining a new data type. You can use class name in any place you can use other data type names, such as String, Boolean, or Account. If you define a variable whose type is a class, any object you assign to it must be an instance of that class or subclass.

Apex Developer Guide

Using Constructors