Lightning Components Developer's Guide

Introducing the Lightning Component Framework
Quick Start
Creating Components
Working with UI Components
Using Expressions
Supporting Accessibility
Communicating with Events
Creating Apps
App Overview
Designing App UI
Creating App Templates
Content Security Policy Overview
Styling Apps
Using JavaScript
JavaScript Cookbook
Invoking Actions on Component Initialization
Detecting Data Changes
Finding Components by ID
Dynamically Creating Components
Dynamically Adding Event Handlers
Dynamically Showing or Hiding Markup
Adding and Removing Styles
Which Button Was Pressed?
Using Apex
Using Object-Oriented Development
Using the AppCache
Controlling Access
Distributing Applications and Components
Debugging
Reference
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Finding Components by ID

Retrieve a component by its ID in JavaScript code. For example, you can add a local ID of button1 to the ui:button component.

1<ui:button aura:id="button1" label="button1"/>

You can find the component by calling cmp.find("button1"), where cmp is a reference to the component containing the button. The find() function has one parameter, which is the local ID of a component within the markup.

You can also retrieve a component by its global ID, which is an ID generated during runtime. 
1var cmp = $A.getComponent(globalId);
For example, the ui:button component renders as an HTML button element with this markup.
1<button class="default uiButton" data-aura-rendered-by="30:463;a">...</button>
Retrieve the component by using $A.getComponent("30:463;a").